The role of robustness and changeability on the origin and evolution of genetic codes.

Biochemistry. In the article “The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein (TRAP) coac- tivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion” by

We propose that an essential factor on the origin of genetic codes is a balanced accomplishment of robustness and changeability, two antithetical, but fundamental, properties for the survival and evolution of organisms. These measures are defined as the intrinsic properties of genetic codes. An evaluation of these properties explains the structural regularity of genetic codes, estimates the ord...

Multi-objective optimization of time-cost-quality-carbon dioxide emission-plan robustness in construction projects

Today, the construction industry is facing intense competition and success in this competition depends on several factors. Project managers try to minimize project time and cost, carbon dioxide emission and at the same time maximizing the quality of project and its plan robustness. In this paper, study construction project scheduling considering a discrete trade-off between time, cost, quality,...

Editorial: Could Speciation Across Evolution be Governed by Genetic Switch Codes at Short Tandem Repeats?

Evolution of viruses and cells: do we need a fourth domain of life to explain the origin of eukaryotes?

The recent discovery of diverse very large viruses, such as the mimivirus, has fostered a profusion of hypotheses positing that these viruses define a new domain of life together with the three cellular ones (Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya). It has also been speculated that they have played a key role in the origin of eukaryotes as donors of important genes or even as the structures at the origi...

An Analysis of Changeability Grounds in Iranian Public Organizations: A Case Study in the Cities of Lamerd and Mohr

The present research aims to develop a model and assess changeability grounds in public organizations. The statistical population includes public organizations in the cities of Lamerd and Mohr. The research includes three fundamental stages, each of which tries to answer a key question. To devise a proper model, we initially study the theoretical literature of change management and the resistan...